怎样才是专业的繁殖者？繁殖者都怎么定义分类的？

许仙

因为某个帖子中的争论，去查了资料，觉得这个很有价值，有些地方可以通用的，特翻译出来供大家参考，英文水平有限，有错误的地方，多包涵。版主，这个应该加精吧？
6 v+ d# x" @0 m5 E0 a以下是美国对繁殖者的分类：
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! O0 F8 q1 d! u* nHobby breeder:
3 Y/ e5 C5 Y8 n/ d" U6 l- @# w( ^A breed fancier who usually has only one breed but may have two; follows a breeding plan in efforts to preserve and protect the breed; produces from none to five litters per year; breeds only when a litter will enhance the breed and the breeding program; raises the puppies with plenty of environmental and human contact; has a contract that protects breeder, dog, and buyer; runs a small, clean kennel; screens breeding stock to eliminate hereditary defects from the breed; works with a breed club or kennel club to promote and protect the breed; and cares that each and every puppy is placed in the best home possible.

& B' I- |4 W9 D- h" U嗜好繁殖者：他们是某品种的专家，通常他们只繁殖一到两个品种，他们遵循繁殖计划是为了保护这个品种，他们每年只繁殖1~5胎，只有一种前提他们才会繁殖，那就是这胎有机会增强这个品种。
9 n6 N: Y% ^1 h他们在良好的环境中喂养幼犬，保证幼犬与人类足够的接触。他们使用协议保护繁殖者，狗，和购买者，他们经营着小的，干净的犬舍，他们监控自己的种犬避免遗传缺陷，他们和某个品种俱乐部或者犬业协会协作，来保护和推进这个品种，并且用心的照顾每一个幼犬，为每个幼犬寻找最合适的家庭。

Commercial breeder:
+ }& D5 L/ k6 ], V" ]- x% UOne who usually has several breeds of dogs with profit as the primary motive for existence. The dogs may be healthy or not and the kennel may be clean or not. The dogs are probably not screened for genetic diseases, and the breeding stock is probably not selected for resemblance to the breed standard or for good temperament. Most commercial breeders sell their puppies to pet stores or to brokers who sell to pet stores.
商业繁殖者：他们通常有多个品种的犬，是以利益为主要驱动的存在。他们的狗可能健康或不健康，他们的犬舍可能清洁或脏乱，他们的狗可能会被监控以避免遗传病，他们的种犬可能不会按照品种标准和性格进行筛选淘汰。绝大部分的商业繁殖者把他们的幼犬销售到宠物商店或者那些和宠物商店交易的经销商。
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/ H+ V1 ^4 T- p; g  C. `Broker:
' V* }9 \2 d" P6 uOne who buys puppies from commercial kennels and sells to retail outlets. Brokers ship puppies by the crate-load on airlines or by truckload throughout the country. Brokers must be licensed by USDA and must abide by the shipping regulations in the Animal Welfare Act.
经销商：
他们从商业犬舍购买幼犬，做转手的零售生意。经销商用航空或者路运的方式将幼犬发到各地。这些经销商必须具有美国农业部的认可并且必须遵守运送规范，保证动物福利。
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Buncher:
9 J& \2 f) s3 N* @One who collects dogs of unknown origin for sale to laboratories or other bunchers or brokers. Bunchers are considered lower on the evolutionary scale than puppy mill operators, for there is much suspicion that they buy stolen pets, collect pets advertised as "Free to a good home", and adopt unwanted pets from animal shelters for research at veterinary colleges or industrial research laboratories.
批发商：他们收集不知出处的狗，销售给实验室或者其他批发商或经销商。他们被认为是puppy mill的低级形态。因为他们很有可能去偷宠物，收集宠物，从宠物保护所领养被遗弃的宠物。用于动物试验或者产业研究实验室。
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Backyard breeder:
5 G/ _2 t  I1 j: v# ]" GA dog owner whose pet either gets bred by accident or who breeds on purpose for a variety of reasons. This breeder is usually ignorant of the breed standard, genetics, behavior, and good health practices. A backyard breeder can very easily become a commercial breeder or a puppy mill.
% p9 j3 i) i3 n1 N- m# \“后院”繁殖者：一个狗主人，他可能是因为意外或者多样的原因进行了繁殖，这种繁殖者通常会忽略这个品种的标准，基因，行为表现，和有益的健康的锻炼。这种繁殖者非常容易转变成商业繁殖者或者puppy mill！
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! z. L1 ?/ Y, J( C7 O# Z/ `6 bPuppy mill:
A breeder who produces puppies hand over fist with no breeding program, little attention to puppy placement, and poor health and socialization practices. A puppy mill may or may not be dirty but it is usually overcrowded and the dogs may be neglected or abused because the breeder can't properly handle as many dogs as he has. Puppy mill operators often denigrate hobby breeders and their dogs in attempts to make a sale.
Puppy mill:他们大量的生产宠物，他们完全没有繁殖计划，很少考虑宠物安置。他们很少给宠物健康和社交的训练。一个puppy mill可能不很脏但是他们通常很拥挤因为狗太多太滥了以致于他们很难照顾到那么多的个体。puppy mill的商人通常会诋毁那些好的有声望的爱好繁殖者，这么做，是为了销售他们自己的狗。

以上定义，不知道大家听说过没有，我想，很多定义都适合中国呢！！我想，只有爱好繁殖者，才是我们唯一应该推崇的对象吧！在美国，绝大部分顶尖的犬舍都属于hobby breeder，他们尽一切可能保护他们的幼犬。这就是为什么你很难从他们哪边买到幼犬，通常他们的等待列表都很长，他们的繁殖计划不多，他们的幼犬价格很高，要排队的时间按年计算。所有协会和俱乐部都有很完善的声望累积机制，他们会推荐某个地区的繁殖者给真正的宠物爱好者。最近有志引进优良种犬的人越来越多，提供一些知识避免上当受骗。：）

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