体温调节异常(Thermoregulation Abnormability)

许仙

&nbsp; <div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '125 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">、体温过高（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">Hyperthermia</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">） </span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '125 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">体温过高是由于产热增加和吸热过多，或散热障碍引起的体温升高的现象，如仍在动物体温临界点可调节范围之内，并无热侯。中暑（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">heat stroke</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">）是临床最常见的体温过高现象。 </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '125 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-color-index: 2;"><b><i><u>病因</u></i></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><b><i><u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></u></i></b></span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '125 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">）高温环境</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在高温高湿环境，肥胖、毛厚的动物等因素可诱发高热。 </span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '125 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">）其他因素</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">神经性高热如下丘脑损伤，包括丘脑炎症、新生物或其他损伤损害丘脑调节中枢所致、动物脱水导致蒸发散热困难、过度的肌肉活动可产生体温升高。 </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '125 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-color-index: 2;"><b><i><u>症状</u></i></b></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-color-index: 2;"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span> </span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '125 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">体温升高是主要诊断依据，大多情况下通过测量直肠温度获得第一手资料，温度可高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">42</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">℃，甚至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">43.5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">℃，呼吸、心率增加，脉搏细弱。早期饮欲增加，动物寻找阴凉处或躺在水中。当体温高达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">41</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">℃时，呼吸困难，呼吸浅而不规则，脉搏急速变弱，动物先表现安静，但很快表现反应迟钝，并伴有衰竭、痉挛、昏迷。当体温达到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">41.5</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">℃</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">~42</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">℃时，大多数动物会发生死亡。 </span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div>

许仙

<font size="2">&nbsp;</font> <div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '135 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 358; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font size="2">根据临床症状、体温变化结合环境的变化及病史分析，不难作出诊断。但应注意与败血症、毒血症等疾病相鉴别。 </font></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '135 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 358; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; text-shadow: auto;"><b><i><u>治疗 </u></i></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span> </span></font></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '135 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 358; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><font size="4">首先脱离高温环境，增加空气流通，应用适当的镇静药物以</font></span></font><font size="2"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">减少动物的活动。常采取静脉输注等渗盐水和5%葡萄糖溶</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">液，同时应用物理降温的方法，如冷水浴、直肠灌注冷水等</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">方法，小动物可采取酒精涂擦体表增加散热，结合临床表现</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">适当应用支持疗法，如补充葡萄糖和蛋白质，充足的饮水</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-ascii-font-family: 黑体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">等。 </span></font></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 358; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><font size="2"></font></div></div>

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