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<font face="宋体">支气管肺炎是个别小叶或几个肺小叶的炎症,又称小叶性肺炎;肺泡内通常充满上皮细胞、血浆与白细胞组成的炎性渗出成分。临床上以弛张热、呼吸次数增多、咳嗽、肺部有局限性肺炎灶。</font> <p> [病因]<font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p><p> (<font face="Times New Roman">1</font>)受寒感冒继发、饲养管理失调、物理化学因素的刺激,合成抵抗力低,为各种细菌造成了可乘之机,如巴氏杆菌、肺炎球菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌等感染。</p><p> (<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>)寄生虫性病因,蛔虫幼虫在体内移行过程中损伤肺泡及支气管。</p><p> (<font face="Times New Roman">3</font>)继发因素,如感冒、腺病毒、犬瘟热、传染性肝炎及其它组织器官的炎症转移,均可导致肺炎。</p><p> [症状]病初呈急性支气管炎症状,流鼻液、干性咳嗽、支气管?音。随病情发展,全身情况恶化,精神沉郁,食欲减少或不食,体温升高<font face="Times New Roman">39.54</font>度,呈弛张热,呼吸困难,次数增加,结膜绀红,眼球下陷,脱水。肺部听诊、病灶区、肺泡音减弱、可听到捻发音,在健康部位可听到音。血液变化、白细胞总数和嗜中性白细胞增多,并有核左移现象。<font face="Times New Roman">X</font>射检查,可见肺纹理增粗,并有片状阴影。</p><p> [治疗]</p><p> (<font face="Times New Roman">1</font>)青霉素<font face="Times New Roman">5</font>万单位/千克体重,链霉素<font face="Times New Roman">3</font>万单位/千克体重,地塞米松<font face="Times New Roman">0.1-0.3</font>毫克/千克体重,混合后肌肉注射,<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>次/日,连用<font face="Times New Roman">5-7</font>日。</p><p> (<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>)四环素<font face="Times New Roman">10-15</font>毫克/千克体重,溶于<font face="Times New Roman">5</font>%葡萄糖中,静脉注射,<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>次/日。或先锋霉素<font face="Times New Roman">56</font>毫克/千克体重、地塞米松<font face="Times New Roman">0.2</font>毫克/千克体重,混合肌肉注射,<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>次/日。</p><p> (<font face="Times New Roman">3</font>)支持疗法,<font face="Times New Roman">5</font>%葡萄糖盐水<font face="Times New Roman">15-30</font>毫升/千克体重,<font face="Times New Roman">5</font>%碳酸氢钠注射液<font face="Times New Roman">1-2</font>毫升/千克体重,混合静脉输注。</p><p> <font face="Times New Roman">(4</font>)法痰镇咳、氯化铵<font face="Times New Roman">50</font>毫克/千克体重,咳必清<font face="Times New Roman">2.5</font>毫克/千克体重,口服<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>次/日。止喘可用氨茶硷<font face="Times New Roman">10-15</font>毫克/千克体重,口服<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>次/日。</p> |
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