犬猫饲养管理错误与疾病(一)
<p>中国农业大学动物医院近<font face="Times New Roman">10 </font>年来犬猫病例增多<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>每年诊治犬猫疾病平均有<font face="Times New Roman">7000 </font>例左右。我们诊治犬猫疾病中发现<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不少犬猫疾病是由饲养管理上的错误或不科学引起。现就我们所见分述如下。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">1</font> 大量肉和肝脏饲喂犬猫有害 近年来<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不少人不惜花钱<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>为犬猫购买大量熟肉制品或香肠<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>或购买鸡猪肝脏<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>煮熟饲喂犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不喂其它食品<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>使犬猫逐渐养成了除肉和肝脏外<font face="Times New Roman">,</font>其它食品都不吃的坏习惯。再加上市区犬猫多为室内饲养<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>很少晒太阳或户外活动<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>所以犬猫发生骨软症<font face="Times New Roman">(</font>成年<font face="Times New Roman">) </font>或佝偻病<font face="Times New Roman">(</font>幼年<font face="Times New Roman">) </font>的增多<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>还可引起维生素<font face="Times New Roman">A </font>和维生素<font face="Times New Roman">D </font>中毒。犬猫患骨软症和佝偻病后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>外表上看起来健康<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>但随着骨软症或佝偻病的发展<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>胃肠功能减弱<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>活动减少<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>粪便干。年幼动物严重者在腰荐处凹陷<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>盆腔变的狭窄<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>常发生便秘。成年母犬产仔后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>易发生产后缺钙性搐搦。为什么单纯用肉或肝脏饲喂犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>会发生骨软症或佝偻病呢<font face="Times New Roman">? </font>就是肉和肝脏中含的钙少磷多。正常犬猫食物中含的钙和磷比例分别为犬<font face="Times New Roman">1. 2</font>～<font face="Times New Roman"> 1. 4</font>∶<font face="Times New Roman">1, </font>猫为<font face="Times New Roman">0. 9</font>～<font face="Times New Roman"> 1. 1</font>∶<font face="Times New Roman">1, </font>而生瘦肉中含钙和磷的比例为<font face="Times New Roman">1</font>∶<font face="Times New Roman">10</font>～<font face="Times New Roman"> 32. 5, </font>新鲜肝脏为<font face="Times New Roman">1</font>∶<font face="Times New Roman">36, </font>比犬</p><p>猫需要的正常钙和磷之比<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>相差太大。因此<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>容易发生骨软症或佝偻病。</p><p>如果犬猫已习惯了吃肉或肝脏<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>突然改喂其它食物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>它们会拒食不吃。为了让犬猫仍然吃食<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>可亦然饲喂肉或肝脏<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>但每饲喂<font face="Times New Roman">100g </font>肉或肝脏<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>需添加<font face="Times New Roman">0. 5g </font>碳酸钙或<font face="Times New Roman">5g </font>骨粉<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>并不断改变其吃肉或肝脏的坏习惯。改变方法<font face="Times New Roman">: </font>在<font face="Times New Roman">10</font>天时间<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>逐渐增加新的食品用量。同时<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>减少肉和肝脏用量<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>直至完全饲喂新的食品。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">2</font> 长期用肝脏加胡萝卜喂犬猫是错误的 不少犬猫主人<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>尤其是犬主人<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>长期只饲喂犬猫肝脏加切碎的胡萝卜<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>还有个别主人认为<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>肝脏加切碎胡萝卜是犬猫最好的食物。我们知道<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>肝脏含有大量维生素<font face="Times New Roman">A </font>和<font face="Times New Roman">D, </font>胡萝卜里含有大量<font face="Times New Roman">B2</font>胡萝卜素<font face="Times New Roman">, 1 </font>个<font face="Times New Roman">B2</font>胡萝卜素分子能在犬体内分解成<font face="Times New Roman">2 </font>个维生素<font face="Times New Roman">A </font>分子<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>这样用肝脏加胡萝卜喂犬<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>更易引起维生素<font face="Times New Roman">A </font>中毒。哺乳动物中只有猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不能把吃入的<font face="Times New Roman">B2</font>胡萝卜素转变为维生素<font face="Times New Roman">A</font>。因此<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>用胡萝卜饲喂猫是可以的<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>用肝脏加胡萝卜饲喂犬、猫是错误的。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">3</font> 犬喂骨骼一次不能太多 犬爱吃骨头<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>临床上常见到不少吃排骨肉后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>或吃肉剩下的骨骼<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>让犬一次大量食用<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>犬大量食用骨骼后发生便秘。因此<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>一次不能用大量骨头饲喂犬<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>可把骨骼分成少量多次饲喂。鸡鸭小的骨骼不能喂犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>以防扎伤或卡在消化道。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">4</font> 用成年人洗发香波给犬猫洗澡不好 用成年人洗发香波给犬猫洗澡<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>且洗澡次数又多。这样的犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>尤其是白色犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>被毛洗的脱落<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>皮肤变成了粉红色。成人洗发香波碱性大<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>能把犬猫皮肤上油质洗脱的非常干净。大家知道<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>皮肤上的皮脂腺分泌油脂<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>保护皮肤<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>防止干裂。如果把油脂洗去<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>使皮肤抵抗力降低<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>就容易感染细菌性、真菌性或疥螨性皮肤病。给犬猫洗澡<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>最好用犬猫洗澡香波。如果买不到<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>可用婴儿洗澡香波<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>或用中性香皂和肥皂。</p><p>多长时间给犬猫洗一次澡最好。一般犬猫脏了或有了异常气味时<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>就应洗澡。幼犬猫注射疫苗后<font face="Times New Roman">2 </font>周<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>才能洗澡。夏天洗澡次数可多些<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>每<font face="Times New Roman">2</font>～<font face="Times New Roman"> 4 </font>周<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>甚至每周可洗澡<font face="Times New Roman">1 </font>次。平时有些脏时<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>用手巾沾些水擦一下就行了。洗澡时严禁把水灌入耳内<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>以防发生内耳炎。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">5</font> 猫用人用避孕药易得肿瘤 以前文献报道<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>猫用人用避孕药避孕容易诱发子宫感染。我们在临床上见到<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>猫用人用避孕药避孕<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>引起子宫癌和乳腺癌<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>其机理不明。要想猫不生育<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>最好公猫去势<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>母猫摘除卵巢。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">6</font> 犬猫适时防疫的重要性 临床上由于注射犬猫疫苗发生的问题有<font face="Times New Roman">:</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">6. 1</font> 主人带犬猫到动物医院注射疫苗<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>医生不检查动物<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>就进行注射。有些动物表面上健康<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>实际上已潜在有病<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>注射疫苗后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不久就发病<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>有的甚至引起死亡。所以<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>兽医在给犬猫注射疫苗前<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>一定要进行健康检查<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>凡体温较高或较虚弱的犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不要进行疫苗注射<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>等病好后或健壮后再注射。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">6. 2</font> 刚购买来的犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>尤其刚从市场上购买来的犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>由于可能接触病犬猫被传染上疾病<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不易马上进行疫苗注射。疫苗一般为弱毒或死毒<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>给感染疾病犬猫注射<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>常常导致急性发病。解决办法可先注射预防血清<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>预防血清一般具有<font face="Times New Roman">2 </font>周免疫力。两周以后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>待犬猫身体养壮<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>又适应了新环境后<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>再进行预防注射。</p><p><font face="Times New Roman">6. 3</font> 不到疫苗预防注射年龄的犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不能进行疫苗预防注射。一般幼犬<font face="Times New Roman">42 </font>日龄以上<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>幼猫<font face="Times New Roman">60 </font>日龄以上进行疫苗注射。小于以上日龄的犬猫<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>体内从母乳获得的抗体还没消失<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>此时注射疫苗<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>疫苗和抗体发生作用<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>使注射的疫苗失去预防作用。大于以上日龄才注射疫苗<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>在注射疫苗前<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>不少犬猫因感染发病而死亡。兽医注射疫苗<font face="Times New Roman">, </font>一定要根据疫苗说明书上注射日龄和注射程序进行。</p> 宠物狗松狮价格尖嘴松狮图片欣赏
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